PENGARUH FAKTOR RESIKO TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION - PRIVATE LABEL BRAND TERHADAP MASYARAKAT BATAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19166/%25JAMI%256%252%252022%25Abstract
Nowadays, the retail industry in Indonesia is booming. Retail outlets in Indonesia has increased by 10-15% each year. To keep up and compete with other retailers, they create their own brands which are known as private label brand. Private label brand is less known and inferior to national brand which causes consumers to question the quality of the product. Thus, consumers perceive risk when a product is less famous. The samples in this study were drawn from consumers who had purchased private label brand groceries in retail shops located in Batam. A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed and 344 questionnaires were qualified to be used in this research. Results show that financial risk, social risk and psychological risk has significant negative effect on purchase intention. On the other hand, functional risk, physical risk, time risk, and value consciousness are insignificant to purchase intention.Keywords: financial risk, functional risk, social risk, physical risk, time risk, psychological risk, value consciousness, purchase intention, private label brand.
References
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Batra, R., & Sinha, I. (2000). Consumer-level factors moderating the success of private label brand. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 175-91.
Bauer, R. A. (1960). Consumer behaviour as risk taking, in Cox,
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Bellizzi, J. A., Kruckeberg, H. F., Hamilton, J. R., & Martin, W. S. (1981). Consumer perceptions of national, private and generic brands. Journal of Retailing, 57, 56-70.
Beneke, J., Greene, A., Lok, I. & Mallet, K. (2012). The influence of perceived risk on purchase intent – the case of premium grocery private label brands in South Africa. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 21(1), 4-14.
Birch, D., & Lawly, M. (2012). Buying seafood: Understanding barriers across consumption segments.Food quality and preference, 26, 12-21.
Bruwer, J., Fong, M., & Saliba, A. (2013). Perceived risk, risk-reduction strategies (RRS) and consumption occasions. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 25(3), 369-390.
Burton, Scot, Donald, R. L., Richard, G. N., & Judith, G. (1998). A scale for measuring attitude toward private label products and an examination of its psychological and behavioral correlates. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 26(4), 293-306.
Produk berkualitas dengan harga bersaing. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2015, from http://www.carrefour.co.id/id/shop/carrefourproducts/
Chang, E. C., & Tseng, Y. F. (2013). Research note: E-store image, perceived value and perceived risk. Journal of Business Research, 66, 864-870.
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Jalilvand, M. R., &Samiei, N. (2012). Perceived risk in travelling to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(2), 175-189.
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Aqueveque, C. (2006). Extrinsic cues and perceived risk: The influence of consumption situation. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(5), 237-247.
Bao, Y. Q., & Mandrik, C. A. (2004). Discerning store brand users from value consciousness consumers: the role of prestige sensitivity and need for cognition. Advances in Consumer Research, 31.
Batra, R., & Sinha, I. (2000). Consumer-level factors moderating the success of private label brand. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 175-91.
Bauer, R. A. (1960). Consumer behaviour as risk taking, in Cox,
D. F. (ed.) (1967) Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior, Harvard University Press, Boston, MA, 23–33.
Bellizzi, J. A., Kruckeberg, H. F., Hamilton, J. R., & Martin, W. S. (1981). Consumer perceptions of national, private and generic brands. Journal of Retailing, 57, 56-70.
Beneke, J., Greene, A., Lok, I. & Mallet, K. (2012). The influence of perceived risk on purchase intent – the case of premium grocery private label brands in South Africa. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 21(1), 4-14.
Birch, D., & Lawly, M. (2012). Buying seafood: Understanding barriers across consumption segments.Food quality and preference, 26, 12-21.
Bruwer, J., Fong, M., & Saliba, A. (2013). Perceived risk, risk-reduction strategies (RRS) and consumption occasions. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 25(3), 369-390.
Burton, Scot, Donald, R. L., Richard, G. N., & Judith, G. (1998). A scale for measuring attitude toward private label products and an examination of its psychological and behavioral correlates. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 26(4), 293-306.
Produk berkualitas dengan harga bersaing. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2015, from http://www.carrefour.co.id/id/shop/carrefourproducts/
Chang, E. C., & Tseng, Y. F. (2013). Research note: E-store image, perceived value and perceived risk. Journal of Business Research, 66, 864-870.
Chen, R., &He, F. (2003). Examination of brand knowledge, perceived risk and consumers’ intention to adopt an online retailer. TQM & Business Excellence, 14(6), 677-93.
Vision & Mission. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2015 from http://circlekindo.com/vision.mission
Corstjens, M., &Lal, R. (2000). Building store loyalty through store brands. Journal of Marketing Research, 37, 281-291.
Cunningham, I. C. M., Hardy, A.P., & Imperia, G. (1982). Generic brands versus national brands and store brands. Journal of Advertising Research, 22(5), 25-32.
DeMooij, M., Hofstede, G. (2002). Convergence and divergence in consumer behavior: Implications for international retailing. Journal of Retailing, 78, 61-79.
DeNitto, E. (1993). They aren’t private labels anymore-They’re brands. Ad Age, 13, 8.
Dialoo, M. F. (2010). Private label brands’ purchase behavior and perception of retail service quality: evidence from two leading retailers in Brazil. Brazilian Symposium on Services Science.
Diallo, M. F., Chandon, J. L., Cliquet, G., & Philippe, J. (2013). Factors influencing consumer behavior towards store brands: evidence from the French market. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 41(6), 422-441.
Dick, A., Jain, A. & Richardson, P. (1995). Correlates of store brand proneness: some empirical observations. Journal of Product &Brand Management, 4(4),15-22.
Dick, A., Jain, A. & Richardson, P. (1996). How consumer evaluate store brands. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 5(2), 19-28.
Dowling, G. R., & Staelin, R. (1994). A model of perceived risk and intended risk-handling activity. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 119-34.
Dunn, M., Murphy, P., & Skelly, G. (1986). The influence of perceived risk on brand preferences for supermarket products. Journal of Retailing, 62(2), 204-16.
Erdem, T., Zhao, Y., & Valenzuela, A. (2004). Performance of store brands: A cross-country analysis of consumer store brand preferences, perceptions and risk. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(1), 86-100.
Fen, Y. S., May, L. S., & Ghee, W. Y. (2011). Store Brand Proneness: Effects of Perceived Risks, Quality and Familiarity. Australasian Marketing Journal, 20, 48-58.
Ferdinand, A. (2002). Structural Equation Modelling Dalam Penelitian Manajemen Edisi 2, Seri Pustaka Kunci 03/BP UNDIP.
Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior. An Introduction to Theory and Research Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Garretson, J.A., Fisher, D. & Burton, S. (2002). Antecedents of private label attitude and national brand promotion attitude: similarities and differences. Journal of Retailing, 78, 91-99.
Ghozali, I. (2001). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program SPSS Edisi Kedua. Penerbit: Undip. Semarang.
Ghozali, I. (2013). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 21 Edisi Ketujuh. Penerbit: Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang
Private label. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2015 from, http://www.giant.co.id
Glynn, M. S., & Chen, S. (2009). Consumer-factors moderating private label brand success: further empirical results. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37(11), 896-914.
Gujarati, D. (2003). Basic Economics 4th edition. New York: McGraw Hill Company.
Hair, J. et al. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. 5th Ed.. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hair, J.F. et.al. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Herstein, R. & Jaffe, E. D. (2007). Launching store brands in emerging markets: resistance crumbles. Journal of Business Strategy, 28(5), 13-19.
Hidayat, A., & Diwasasri, A. H. A. (2013). Factors influencing attitudes and intention to purchase counterfeit luxury brands among Indonesian consumers. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 5(4).
Hornibrook, S. A., McCarthy, M., &Fearne, A. (2005). Consumers’ perception of risk: the case of beef purchases in Irish supermarkets. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(10), 701-715.
Horvat, S., & Dosen, D. O. (2013). Perceived risk influence on the consumer attitude to private labels in the product's life cycle growth stage. Economic and Business Review, 15(4), 267-291.
Hypermart.co.id. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2015 from, http://www.hypermart.co.id/id
Indonesian Commercial Newsletter (2011). Perkembangan Bisnis Ritel Modern. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://www.datacon.co.id/Ritel-2011ProfilIndustri.html
Indriantoro, N., & Supomo, B. (1999). Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis Untuk Akuntansi dan Manajemen. Yogyakarta: BPFE
Jacoby, J. & Kaplan, L. B. (1972). The components of perceived risk. Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Association for Consumer Research, 382-393.
Jafaar, S. N., Lalp, P. E., & Naba, M. M. (2013). Consumers’ Perceptions, Attitudes and Purchase Intention towards Private Label Food Products in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2(8), 73-90.
Jalilvand, M. R., &Samiei, N. (2012). Perceived risk in travelling to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(2), 175-189.
Jin, B., & Yong, G. S. (2005). Integrating effect of consumer perception factors in predicting private brand purchase in a Korean discount store context. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(2), 62-71.
Kaplan, L.B., Szybillo, G.J., & Jacoby, J. (1974). Components of perceived risk in product purchase: a cross validation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(3), 287–291.
Kim, M. & Lennon, S. (2000). Television shopping for apparel in the United States: effects of perceived amount of information on perceived risks and purchase intention. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 28(3), 301-330.
Laroche, M., McDougall, G. H. G., Bergeron, J., & Yang, Z. Y. (2004). Exploring how intangibility affects perceived risk. Journal of Service Research, 6(4), 373-389.
Laroche, M., Kim, C., & Zhou, L. (1996). Brand familiarity and confidence as determinants of purchase intention: an empirical test in a multiple brand context. Journal of Business Research, 37(2), 115-120.
Levy, S. & Gendel-Guterman, H. (2012). Does advertising matter to store brand purchase intention? A conceptual framework. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 21(2), 89-97.
Lichtenstein, D. R., Ridgway, N. M., & Netemeyer, R. G. (1993). Perceptions and consumer shopping behavior: A field study. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(2), 234-245.
Marketeers.com. (2014). Semangat Matahari Kembangkan Private Label. Retrieved January 18, 2015 from, http://www.the-marketeers.com/?post=semangat-matahari-kembangkan-private-label
Marketing.co.id. (2005). Sikap Konsumen Terhadap Private Label. Retrieved December 03, 2014 from, http://www.marketing.co.id/sikap-konsumen-terhadap-private-label/
Martı´nez, E. & Montaner, T. (2008). Characterisation of Spanish store brand consumers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 36(6), 477-93.
Masoud, E. Y. (2013). The effect of perceived risk on online shopping in Jordan. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(6), 76-87.
Mieres, C. G., Martin, A. M. D., & Gutierrez, J. A. T. (2006). Influence of perceived risk on store brand proneness. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 34(10), 761-772.
Mitchell, V. W. (1998). A role for consumer risk perceptions in grocery retailing. British Food Journal, 100(4), 171-183.
Mvududu, N. H., & Sink, C. A. (2013). Factor Analysis in Counseling Research and Practice. Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation, 4(2), 75-98.
Nelson, P. (1974). Advertising as information. Journal of Political Economy, 82, 729-754.
Olson, P. (2002). Consumer Behavior, 7th edition, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
Peter, J. P., & Ryan, M. J. (1976). An investigation of perceived risk at the brand level. Journal of Marketing Research, 13(2), 184–188.
Peter, J. P. & Tarpey, L. X. (1975). Comparative analysis of three consumer’s decision strategies. Journal of Consumer Research, 2(1), 29-37.
Rafiq, M., & Collins, R. (1996). Look alikes and customer confusion in the grocery sector: An exploratory survey. International Review of Retail Distribution & Consumer Research, 6(4), 329-350.
Rahmawati, V. (2012). Intention to purchase the private label brand: the roles of financial risk perception, price, and value consciousness for consumers of hypermarket in Surabaya. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura. 16(1), 119-134.
Rahman, B. A., Ismail, N. B., Rahman, A. F. B. A., Suhaimin, M. B. M., & Safie, S. K. B. (2012). The relationship between store brand and customer loyalty in retailing in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 8(2), 171-184.
Ramayana.co.id. Private Label. Retrieved January 18, 2015 from, http://www.ramayana.co.id/index.php/en/department-store/private-label
Richardson, P. S.& Dick, A. S. (1994). Extrinsic and intrinsic cue effects on perceptions of store brand quality. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 28-36.
Richardson, P., Jain, A., & Dick, A. (1996). Household store brand proneness: A framework. Journal of Retailing, 72(2), 159-185.
Rizkalla, N., Suzanawaty, L. (2012). The Effect of Store Image and Service Quality On Private Label Brand Image and Purchase Intention, Case Study: Lotte Mart Gandaria City. Asean Marketing Journal, 4(2).
Roscoe J.R. (1975). Fundamental Research Statistic for the Behavioural Sciences, 2nd Edition, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Salam, A. F., Rao, H. R., & Pegels, C. C. (2003). Consumer perceived risk in e-commerce transactions. Communications of the ACM, 46(12).
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